Les Misérables is a sweeping historical novel by Victor Hugo that follows the journey of Jean Valjean, a former convict seeking redemption after serving 19 years in prison for stealing a loaf of bread. After being shown kindness by a bishop, Valjean transforms his life, becoming a successful factory owner and mayor under a new identity. However, he is relentlessly pursued by Inspector Javert, a lawman obsessed with justice and Valjean’s past. Along the way, Valjean crosses paths with various characters, including Fantine, a struggling single mother, and her daughter Cosette, whom he raises as his own.

Set against the backdrop of post-revolutionary France, the novel explores themes of justice, love, sacrifice, and social inequality. Hugo paints a vivid portrait of a society torn between law and compassion, with unforgettable scenes like the Paris uprising and Valjean’s daring escapes. Les Misérables is both a powerful personal story and a profound critique of the social injustices of the time. Its emotional depth and moral vision have made it one of the most enduring and influential novels in world literature.